The Attack On Pearl Harbor - 1478 Words

On December 7, 1941 Japan stealthily attacked the U.S. Naval base located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii resulting in many casualties. This IMC plan will outline the objectives, strategies and tactics in order to promote awareness of the attacks as well as develop positive community involvement. The challenge is to inform the residents of Hawaii as well as the general American public concerning the attacks on Pearl Harbor. The objectives discussed in this plan will be achieved through the creation of a unified design integrated throughout all marketing media including brochures, newspapers and print advertisements, targeted public relations campaigns and public service announcements. Everything that involves the event at Pearl Harbor must have†¦show more content†¦Military and government to decrypt the Japanese war codes as well as communicate effectively with each other. As Parker explains in his publication Pearl Harbor Revisited, The cryptologist and linguists were not looking to break the Japanese military codes, but to decipher diplomatic messages from the Japanese Empire. Pearl Harbor is a strategically placed naval base located near Honolulu, Hawaii. It defends the United States’ interests in the Pacific Ocean and Asia. Japan’s strategy was to expand its empire across Asia capturing parts of China, Singapore, Philippines, and the Dutch East Indies. Crippling the U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor would have enabled the Japanese to capture these Asian regions without the interference of the United States Military (Higgs, 2006) (See Appendix B for map of Hawaii and Japan). More than 2800 United States citizens, both military and civilian, lost their lives and over 1100 were wounded on December 7, 1941. In addition, over 340 ships and aircraft were sunk or damaged in the waters of Pearl Harbor on that day (National Park Service, n.d.) (See Appendix A for chart of casualties). This campaign is to inform the residents of Hawaii, Pearl Harbor military personnel and family as well as the American public the events regarding the attack on Pearl Harbor in a manner that promotes patriotism and subdues public panic. The campaign will cover the miscommunications and lack of communication

Globalization the Making of World Society †Book Review Free Essays

Running Head: GLOBALIZATION: The Making of World Society Review Essay: Globalization: The Making of World Society Part One: Summary Introduction Since the industrial revolution, the structure of world has been constantly evolving and progressing. The spread has involved the interlacing of economic and cultural activity, connectedness of the production, communication and technologies around the world, and it is now known as – globalization. The book I chose for this particular essay is Frank J. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization: the Making of World Society – Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lechner’s, Globalization: the Making of World Society first published in 2009. Author Frank J. Lechner was born in 1958 in Amsterdam, Netherlands and is the director of Graduate Studies Professor Department of Sociology at the Emory University in Atlanta. In 1982 he earned his Master in Arts degree in Sociology at the University of Pittsburgh followed by a Ph. D. in 1985 in sociology as well. Most of his focus lies in global culture, change, religion and theory. One of his most recent researches involved national identity, specifically concerning the Dutch. In addition to publishing Globalization:  The Making of World Society  (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), Lechner is the author  The Netherlands: National Identity and Globalization  (2008), and  World Culture: Origins and Consequences  (with John Boli, Wiley-Blackwell, 2005), as well as numerous papers on religion and sociological theory. Book Summary In Globalization: The Making of World Society, Lechner talks about the processes that unfold in a wide range of fields such as sports, media, food industry, global economy, environment and religion due to globalization. He describes its effects on everyday experience all around the world and demonstrates how globalization is also generating new discourses, cultures, and state policies. He explains globalization as a part of a still-greater transformation, both technical and social. Lechner wrote this book and divided it into three main parts: Global Experience, Global Institutions, and Global Problems. Each of these three parts is further divided into few more sub-topics such as for example, food, sports and media in Part I. In the first part of the book, the author describes the three â€Å"waves† of food globalization around the world. The first â€Å"wave†, he describes as a â€Å"wave† in which Jamaica became a â€Å"sugar island† at the centre of the global network. The wave started not with a desire for sugar but with a search for spices. Many European explorers lured into travel by the prospect of finding gold and silver and were able to not only bring precious metals home but have brought tomatoes and potatoes to the European diet. Another part of the first wave that the author talks about is when the Portuguese reached China and introduced maize, sweet potatoes and peanuts which later helped to sustain China’s population boom. With the first wave of globalization, more people became globally connected in more ways than ever before. People in different parts of the world were able to taste foods from other continents. As the new links in globalization were beginning to become established, they benefited some and harmed many others. Early globalization thus began to create a global hierarchy. The second â€Å"wave† which dissipated in the early twentieth century is described as the time in which the Dakotas became the bread basket of the world. Also, large parts of Canada, Argentina and Australia became a source of food and profit and by 1913 they produced more wheat than all of Europe. As globalization continued to spread, a global food system emerged, tying all producers into a network of interdependence. The world market created enormous wealth and leading nations, tied together through free trade, strove to safeguard their power by extending their imperial reach. The third â€Å"wave† of globalization was called â€Å"McDonald’s in East Asia. † In this section of the book Lechner talks about how with globalization nothing stays exotic as it standardizes experience through organized diffusion. Although the third wave incorporates a lot of what the first and the second waves started, it is unique in the aspect that a fast food restaurant such as McDonald’s could be everywhere, yet nowhere in particular, as it helps deterritorialize eating itself – a step beyond both first and second waves f globalization. Furthermore, in the section on sports and the direction of globalization the writer describes the way sports and in particular soccer, has grown from the homeland of England to a worldwide game with the same rules. He explains that globalization does not mean that global rules, organizations, or models just take over. The global connections of the world society do not substitute for local ties such as America n football in US, rather they move in tandem. It is clear that in sports, globalization occurs in and through local and national settings as it adds another layer of connections and a new kind of shared awareness to the people in a certain society. In the last sub-category on global media, Frank Lechner talks about the role of Indian television, patterns in global television, and interpretations for global television as well as cultural imperialism. He describes the way the rights for television shows and programs such as â€Å"Who wants to be a Millionaire? † have been sold to well over 80 countries and have enjoyed great success worldwide. Many commercials and advertisements on TV carry subliminal messages that are aimed for a certain audience with a high degree of studying being put forward into the creation of the â€Å"perfect commercial†. In Part II of the novel the author begins to unravel the complicated and sometimes confusing aspects of the world economy. He begins with describing the way China, a country with extraordinary size and history, transformed and rebuilt itself after World War II at a time when broader reforms were sweeping the world hierarchy. He goes on to explain America’s three main goals in the post-war time: to make trade flow much more freely, to stabilize the world’s financial system, and to encourage international investment. Moreover, Lechner describes the significance of Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany in the late nineteenth century, and his role in introduction of accident insurance bills and health care bills in Germany which marked the beginning of rise of welfare states. He also outlines Roosevelt’s and Veldkamp’s positions and their contribution in Britain and Netherlands respectively. Frank Lechner continues with talking about the way in which globalization creates a political opportunity for the left-leaning political parties, promising to ride to the rescue in a time when some argue that globalization dampens welfare nations, to rather strengthen these states. Another aspect of globalization discussed in this part of the book is education. Education plays a key role in today’s society and with many people travelling with their high school kids to the United States and Canada in order to have a higher chance for a university or college admission, proves that in higher education a global market already operates. The next section of the second part of the book briefly describes global civil society and global governance. United Nations, according to the author, has taken on â€Å"a larger law-making role than its founders had envisioned†. The direction of change proposed by such an institution does not always have the full consensus of relevant states in an issue, yet that change is toward more organization of certain fields above and beyond states. Part III of Globalization: The Making of World Society strictly focuses on global concerns. The author describes key issues such as global migration, inequality, environment, and justice. First of the four issues listed is migration. The third wave of globalization witnessed a rise in migration, mainly from south to north along the gradient formed by global inequality. In this section of the book Lechner touches on the issue of redefining the national identity of a country as it is a goal in certain countries, which also links back to his previous two books:   The Netherlands: National Identity and Globalization  (2008), and  World Culture: Origins and Consequences  (with John Boli, Wiley-Blackwell, 2005). The second issue at hand in this section of his book is global inequality. In this section of the book the writer explains that globalization is essential for countries in the â€Å"bottom billion† to catch up, yet there is no single success path for all of the poorest nations. In this chapter he clearly paints his main argument that â€Å"globalization is not bound to make the rich richer and the poor poorer,† and goes on to say, â€Å"but if it is to lead to a more tangible ‘world society’, it will have to help reduce poverty and inequality far more† (Lechner, 241). The last two section of the book primarily touch on the effects of globalization and its interconnectedness with global environment and global justice. Lechner discusses environmentalism and the way countries such as China deal with the environment and society in a balanced way. He put forward an example of Three Gorges damn built in China which displaced 2 million Chinese people, created a reservoir of nearly 400 miles and supplies 20 times more energy than America’s Hoover Dam. as an example of what a county could do in order to decrease the environmental damage, yet at the same time take a risk of displacing 2 million residents of the area. Literature Comparison Globalization: The Making of World Society by Frank Lechner is his attempt to clarify the key issues surrounding globalization in a brief, accessible and critical analysis of a complex topic. From the research conducted, I it is safe to conclude that this book is not a reply to any other book proposed by other write rs; rather it is his attempt to explain his point of view on globalization and issues proposed by it. Yet the author explaining his point of view represents one side of a bigger argument about globalization’s effect on the world, but no clear intentions of proving a point to a specific person or institution has been noted. Main Argument(s) The main argument proposed by Frank Lechner is that although there are many issues around globalization as a whole, he believes that globalization is essential for the poorest nations to catch up. He is keen on his point of view, and thus goes on to explain that development is the only way to reduce economic inequality. Another part of his argument is that â€Å"globalization is not bound to make the rich richer and the poor poorer†¦but if it is to lead to a more tangible ‘world society’, it will have to help reduce poverty and inequality far more† (Lechner, 241). Part Two: Critical Analysis Personal Opinion After analyzing Lechner’s work, there are too many factors that make an accurate prediction difficult. The industrial revolution and the global expansion that it created, is on a scale that has never been seen in history. As a result, new issues are created, while old issues are modified. The interdependencies between nations revolve around a free market. This encourages exploitation as a method to produce capital. The astronomical growth of supply and demand puts a heavy toll on the environment and its resources, which leads to an inevitable carrying capacity. The gap between rich and poor continues to increase around the world including capitalist drivers such as Canada and United States. Although Lechner does not see globalization as the main force in the inequality gap, I believe that this issue is of great concern. In order to have a more objective opinion of globalization, we need to analyze the detrimental factors and the potential they have in slowing down or even reversing the constructive effects of globalization. When taking these factors into consideration, they become latent by the profits created. There is a growing concern with enormous amount of evidence of corruption happening in most developing, third world nations. Bribery enables transnational companies to gain export contracts, particularly in the arms trade and in construction, which they would not have otherwise won. Every year, Western companies pay huge amounts of money in bribes to the officials and rulers in the developing countries in order to win over competitors. As these bribes go through, they have unfavourable results on the developing country, as they disadvantage smaller domestic firms, weaken development and deteriorate inequality and poverty, distort decision-making in favour of the project that benefits few rather than many, increase national debt, benefit the investor not the country, as well as damage the environment. All of the factors listed above are proof of negative effects of corruption on successful globalization, which according to Lechner, â€Å"is not bound to make the rich richer and the poor poorer† (Lechner, 241). The second issue I would like to address is the growing gap between the rich and poor in not only developing countries, but the capitalist hubs. According to the latest consensus data released on May 1, 2008 by Statistics Canada, â€Å"between 1980 and 2005, median earning among Canada’s top earners rose more than 16 percent while those in the bottom fifth saw their wages dip by 20 percent (The Canadian Press, 2008). Furthermore, the  gap between rich and poor  is widening, both within and among countries. In 1960, the richest 20 percent of the world’s population controlled 70 percent of global income, yet by 1993, the â€Å"richest 20† controlled 85 percent. In the same time period, the share of the poorest 20 percent had decreased from 2. 3 to 1. 4 percent. These disparities are likely to increase for the next half century as above stated issues such as corruption continue to affect the developing world (Human Development Report, 1996). The third big issue at hand, which I believe causes globalization to have a negative outlook in the eyes of the proletarian individuals including me, is the environmental damages that are caused. Economic theory argues that the free market can be expected to produce an efficient and improved level of resource use, production, consumption, and environment protection, yet when private costs, which are the foundation for market decision, diverge from social costs, a market failure occurs resulting in pollution levels. Intensified trade and competitiveness pressures between companies generate harmful impacts on environmental quality (Esty, D. nd Ivanova, M. ). As the big name companies move into an immature economy of a developing country, they have the power to make the government change the laws and reduce their previous environmental requirements. Thus, the company that cannot function in Canada or Germany with those amounts of emission without paying fines will use the developing cou ntry’s position to produce high level of emissions with no restrictions. This point links back to the issue of corruption in the developing countries described earlier. In addition, local government must protect the environment by not letting giant companies take over and control the government in order to make huge profits. Likewise, economic agreements that do not promote the common good and that are designed to increase the profits of few people in the world should be rejected by the authorities, if not local, then global. In conclusion, Globalization: The Making of World Society by Frank Lechner describes how the processes of globalization unfold in a wide range of fields including sports, religion, media, and the environment. The author tries to explain and analyze the complex subject of globalization in a concise and easy-to-understand manner. His main argument in the book surrounds the explanation of how he believes that globalization is essential for the poorest nations to catch up and that globalization is not bound to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. References Dauvergn, P. (n. d. ). Globalization and the environment. Esty, D. C. C. , Ivanova, M. H. (2003). Globalization effects on the environment. Globalization nd Environmental Protection: a Global Governance Perspective. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://www. yale. edu/gegdialogue/docs/dialogue/oct03/papers/Esty-Ivanova. pdf Lechner, F. J. (2009). Globalization: The Making of the World Society. Hong Kong: Wiley- Blackwell Publication. Research and markets; globalization: The making of world society. (2009). Investment Weekly News,  (19458177), 423. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. qa. proquest. com/docview/ 200892079? accountid=1477 1 Shah, A. (2011). Corruption. Global Issues. Retrieved November 21, 2011, from http://www. globalissues. org/article/590/corruption#GlobalizationMultinational CorporationsandCorruption The Canadian Press. (2008, May 1). Rich get richer, poor get poorer, census results show. Retrieved November 21, 2011, from http://www. ctv. ca/CTVNews/Canada/ 20080501/rich_poor_080501/ The gap between rich and poor is widening. (2004). World Resource Institute. Retrieved November 19,2011 from http://www. wri. org/publication/content/8659 How to cite Globalization: the Making of World Society – Book Review, Essay examples

Sole Proprietorship Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Liability* An proprietor has unlimited liability both personally and as the company proprietor. Liability is a disadvantage in a exclusive proprietary. 2. Income revenue enhancements* The proprietor is responsible for registering revenue enhancements and is allowed to register revenue enhancements as portion of their personal income revenue enhancements. 3. Longevity* This depends wholly on the proprietor and there continued ability to run the concern. The operation of the concern can be significantly affected if the proprietor becomes ill or dies. 4. Control * The proprietor has complete control of the concern. The proprietor is wholly responsible for all determinations refering for concern operations. 5. Net income keeping* The proprietor has 100 % net income keeping. They may take to put it back into the company or utilize it for something personal. 6. Location* The proprietor has the ability to take the location of the concern or travel it to a better location as they choose. 7. Convenience/burden* Sole proprietaries are really convenient and easy to get down up since there are no regulating Torahs as there may be with a corporation. The load of the concern including determinations made that may impact the concerns success are the exclusive duty of the proprietor. General Partnership 1. Liability* The liability is shared by all spouses of the concern. Besides. if one spouse does something negligent pertaining to the concern. all spouses can be held apt for the one spouses act. 2. Income revenue enhancements * The spouses are each responsible to describe their ain net incomes on their ain revenue enhancement return. This is the sum they received from the company as income. 3. Longevity* This depends on the understanding between the spouses. Often if one spouse is unable to go on their function in running the concern. they have the option of selling their portion in the concern to the other spouse ( s ) . If no understanding is in topographic point the concern would fade out when one spouse wanted out of the concern. 4. Control * The control is shared between the spouses. This is most normally detailed in a formal written legal understanding between the spouses. 5. Net income keeping* The spouses portion the net income keeping. This may be shared in any manner the spouses agree. Often this is based on the functions the spouses have in the concern. This is included in the partnership understanding. 6. Location * The spouses all have to hold on the location of the concern unless this determination doing power is given to one or more spouses in the partnership understanding. 7. Convenience/burden* General partnerships are easy to get down up and run. There is some added liability since there is more than one individual involved. Besides. struggles are common between spouses including one or more spouses seeking to take a spouse from the concern wholly. Limited Partnership ( non limited liability partnership ) 1. Liability* The liability is shared between spouses. There is usually one general spouse and one or more limited spouses. The general spouse assumes limitless liability with the limited spouse holding no liability since they are considered chiefly investors merely. 2. Income revenue enhancements * The revenue enhancements for the concern are handled individually. The general spouse files revenue enhancements for the concern and the limited spouses are merely needed to include the income they receive from the concern every twelvemonth on their personal revenue enhancement return. 3. Longevity * This depends on the general spouses ability to run the concern. The limited spouse ( s ) have no affect on the concern go oning. The limited spouse has the ability to go the general spouse as good but would lose their namelessness and would presume the liability that comes with being a general spouse. 4. Control * The control of the concern is the duty of the general spouse. The limited spouse has to be careful non to presume duty for operation of the concern or they risk losing their limited spouse position. 5. Net income keeping * The net incomes are split based on the written understanding. This is typically determined by how much money each limited spouse is puting in the company. 6. Location* The determinations on location must be agreed on by all spouses. 7. Convenience/burden* Limited partnerships have the convenience of leting multiple investors as limited spouses to help with hard currency available to run the concern and support betterments or other investings into the company. The load of running the concern falls on the general spouse. Regular C Corporation 1. Liability* The liability does non fall on one person alternatively it is assumed by the concern in a corporation. Persons stand foring the company can still be personally sued in some provinces. 2. Income revenue enhancements * Taxs are paid through the corporation on a corporate revenue enhancement return. It is separate from the owner’s income revenue enhancements. normally referred to as stockholders. Stockholders besides include income or losingss on stocks sold or dividends earned on their annual single revenue enhancement return. 3. Longevity * The length of service of the company is non affected when a stockholder sells their portion of the company or dies. 4. Control* The control of the corporation is managed by an elected board of managers. The officers in the company usually have to be approved by the board of managers before they are offered a place to take the company. 5. Net income keeping * The net incomes are shared among stockholders. Their net income is based on the public presentation of the company. The stockholder receives dividends on the per centum or figure of portions they own. 6. Location * Laws modulating the corporation including revenue enhancement Torahs can change from province to province. There are applications and fees that need to be filed to travel a C corporation. 7. Convenience/burden * Stockholders can be from other states leting for more chance for investors. Hundred corporations can order their ain financial twelvemonth. S-Corporation1. Liability* There is limited liability for the stockholders. They are non held apt for actions of the corporation. 2. Income revenue enhancements* There is no dual revenue enhancement for an S-Corporation. Stockholders file net incomes and losingss on their personal revenue enhancement returns with the corporation non responsible to pay revenue enhancements on the same net incomes. This is referred to as base on balls through revenue enhancement. 3. Longevity * The length of service of the company is non affected when a stockholder sells their portion of the company or dies. 4. Control* The control of the corporation is managed by an elected board of managers. The officers in the company usually have to be approved by the board of managers before they are offered a place to take the company. Stockholders are the proprietors of the company and that ownership transportations with the purchasing or merchandising of stock. 5. Net income keeping * The net incomes are shared among stockholders. Their net income is based on the public presentation of the company. The stockholder receives dividends on the per centum or figure of portions they own. 6. Location * The board of managers has the ultimate determination doing ability in finding the location of the company along with enlargement activities. Laws modulating the corporation including revenue enhancement Torahs can change from province to province. There are fees and processes involved to travel an S Corporation. 7. Convenience/burden * Stockholders must be US citizens and the financial twelvemonth must stop December 31. Limited Liability Company1. Liability* Members are non apt for debts or legal actions against the concern. Members could lose the money they have invested in the concern. but their personal belongings can non be attached to any case or fiscal issue. 2. Income revenue enhancements * There is no dual revenue enhancement for this type of concern. The revenue enhancements are paid with each single member’s revenue enhancement return and no revenue enhancements are paid by the concern itself. 3. Longevity* In the event one of the members dies. the concern can go on. 4. Control* The control of the concern is shared by the proprietors or members. A written contract as to how the duties are shared is usually in topographic point to avoid any issues. 5. Net income keeping * The net incomes are shared among the members. How net incomes are to be shared is included in the written contract understanding. 6. Location* The members have complete control over the location of the concern. 7. Convenience/burden* Most provinces allow an LLC to be with merely one member. and no provinces limit the figure of members in a LLC. The LLC provides protection of the members assets. LLC provide a batch of the protection of a corporation without far less paperwork and legal demands.